What does the average propensity to consume (APC) measure?

Calculate GDP at factor cost if Gross Value Added at market price is Rs 500,000 and indirect taxes are Rs 40,000 with subsidies of Rs 10,000. (Enter numeric value)

What are the main types of money?

Differentiate between expansionary and contractionary monetary policy.

What is primary deficit?

Define the marginal efficiency of capital and discuss the factors that affect it.

Explain the concept of GDP and its importance in measuring a country's economic performance. How is GDP calculated using the expenditure approach?

Explain the different types of inflation based on 'rate of change' or 'speed'.

Discuss the main determinants of the demand for money with reference to motives of money demand.

What is the consumption function? Discuss the factors influencing the consumption function, including income, wealth, and social factors.

Discuss the Classical Theory of Income, Output, and Employment. Explain how markets operate under full employment conditions.

Discuss monetary policy, its objectives, and tools used by central banks.

Explain various measures to control inflation using both monetary and fiscal strategies.

Q1. Discuss advantages of a well-defined content plan in terms of efficiency and collaboration.

Q2. Examine the impact of inconsistent tone and style on audience trust and message clarity.

Q3. Mention key principles behind Forecasting Methods for effective content planning?

Q4. Show how trend analysis contributes to more accurate content planning forecasts?

Q5. What benefit does the moving average method offer for content planners?

Q6. Explain and associate content planning with effective storytelling, awareness creation, and engagement strategies used by nonprofit organizations.

Q7. Predict factors that influence the reliability of conclusions drawn from limited data samples.

Q8. Recall the concept of a decision tree and its purpose.

Q9. Mention some advantages of using decision trees in content management systems?

Q10. Assess various types of written content such as blog posts, articles, eBooks, and whitepapers based on audience engagement levels.

Q11. Design a basic content improvement plan based on audience engagement data and performance metrics.

Q12. Create Decision Analysis to intuitive decision-making in the context of content management?

Q13. Outline some common challenges that Decision Analysis can address in content management?

Q1. State the definition and essential elements of a contract of guarantee under the Indian Contract Act, 1872.

Q2. State the different kinds of agents recognised under the Indian Contract Act, 1872? Briefly enumerate each.

Q3. Define 'declaratory decree' under Section 34 of the Specific Relief Act, 1963.

Q4. Define 'dissolution of a firm'? State the modes of dissolution under the Indian Partnership Act, 1932.

Q5. Differentiate between 'condition' and 'warranty' under the Sale of Goods Act, 1930.

Q6. Discuss the rights of an indemnity-holder in a contract of indemnity.

Q7. Explain the various modes of creation and termination of agency under the Indian Contract Act, 1872.

Q8. Discuss the liability of a minor who is admitted to the benefits of an existing partnership firm (State of Kerala v. Laxmi Vasanth).

Q9. Explain the nature and scope of a declaratory decree under the Specific Relief Act, 1963.

Q10. Analyze the distinction between bailment and pledge under the Indian Contract Act, 1872 (Lallan Prasad v. Rahmat Ali).

Q11. Critically examine the liability of a principal for acts of his agent and sub-agent (Syed Abdul Khader v. Rami Reddy).

Q12. Evaluate the scope and ambit of specific performance as an equitable remedy under the Specific Relief Act, 1963.

Q13. Critically analyze the rights of incoming and outgoing partners under the Indian Partnership Act, 1932 (Ashutosh v. State of Rajasthan).

Q1. Explain the meaning of human intelligence with reference to AI systems.

Q2. Discuss Four major differences between BFS and DFS.

Q3. List any two activation functions used in neural networks.

Q4. Describe the Hebbian learning principle in your own words.

Q5. Explain the concept of a loss function and discuss its importance.

Q6. Contrast data-driven and goal-driven approaches using suitable examples.

Q7. Demonstrate the Depth First Search algorithm and use a suitable example.

Q8. Demonstrate the working of a single-layer feedforward neural network using a diagram.

Q9. Examine the differences between supervised and unsupervised learning.

Q10. Demonstrate the application of AI technologies in modern industries.

Q11. Investigate the application of the A* search algorithm on a given problem.

Q12. Appraise the design of a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture.

Q13. Compare and contrast the architectures of CNNs and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs).

Q1. Define cellular adaptation with examples.

Q2. What is dysplasia? Give one example.

Q3. Define pathological calcification. Give one example.

Q4. What causes megaloblastic anaemia?

Q5. What is thalassemia?

Q6. What are disorders of sex hormones? Give two examples.

Q7. State two main pathological features of Alzheimer's disease.

Q8. Define peptic ulcer. State the endogenous causes.

Q9. Differentiate between jaundice and hepatitis. Name viral hepatitis types.

Q10. What is rheumatoid arthritis? State autoimmune factors.

Q11. Write a note on intracellular accumulations and significance.

Q12. Explain the pathophysiology of hypertension.

Q13. Describe the imbalance between protective and aggressive factors in peptic ulcer.

Q14. Describe the pathophysiology of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.

Q15. Discuss the role of oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes in carcinogenesis.

Q16. Describe in detail the causes, mechanisms, and morphology of cellular injury.

Q17. Discuss the etiopathogenesis, complications, and management for asthma and COPD.

Q18. Describe the roles of inflammation and immune response in gout and rheumatoid arthritis.

Q19. Explain UTI pathophysiology, antibiotic resistance issues, and antimicrobial therapy.

Q1. Describe the role of engagement planning before executing a controlled attack.

Q2. Write a brief note defining computer forensics.

Q3. Write a definition of Electronic Evidence.

Q4. Distinguish between Logical and Physical Evidence.

Q5. Explain the necessity of validation of forensic tools.

Q6. Demonstrate a sample approach for reconnaissance on a target web domain.

Q7. Explain the cardinal rules of computer forensics and their significance.

Q8. Write the significance of Anti-Forensics Techniques in courts.

Q9. Analyze the sequential stages involved in the processing of digital evidence.

Q10. Analyze how professional forensic methodology supports evidence authenticity.

Q11. Explain Windows, UNIX, and MAC file systems with forensic relevance.

Q12. Analyze a real-time scenario where Electronic Evidence Discovery plays a crucial role.

Q13. Analyze the Process of Computer Forensics and Digital Investigations.

Q1. Define census method in relation to Indian Population.

Q2. Using the scatter data below, state the type of correlation: (2,4), (4,8), (6,12).

Q3. State any two uses of index numbers.

Q4. Calculate Fisher's ideal index number when Laspeyres index = 120 and Paasche's index = 125.

Q5. State the importance of index numbers in economic analysis.

Q6. The monthly sales of a firm for 7 months are: 25, 30, 28, 35, 40, 30, 32. Calculate mean, median, and mode.

Q7. The regression equation of Y on X is given as Y = 4 + 0.8X. Estimate Y when X = 15.

Q8. Explain quantity index numbers and value index numbers with examples.

Q9. Interpret the given index numbers and comment on price changes: Base 2019. 2020=112, 2021=120, 2022=135.

Q10. Explain measures of central tendency and compare their suitability.

Q11. Calculate the regression equation of Y on X: Mean of X=25, Mean of Y=40, SD of X=5, SD of Y=10, r=0.6. Estimate Y when X=30.

Q12. Explain the types of index numbers-price, quantity, and value index numbers.

Q13. Construct a price index number using the simple average of price relatives: A(20->24), B(25->28), C(30->36), D(40->48).

Q1. Discuss the importance of marketing as a business function.

Q2. State Influence of family on buying decisions.

Q3. State any two features of personal selling.

Q4. Give any one benefit of trademark.

Q5. List any two benefits of Advertising.

Q6. Explain the elements of marketing mix (4 P's) in detail.

Q7. Examine the consumer buying roles and their influence on purchase decisions.

Q8. Explain the importance of after-sales service for customer satisfaction.

Q9. Explain the concept and importance of branding in marketing.

Q10. Compare traditional and modern marketing concepts. Explain focus on customer orientation.

Q11. Analyse the consumer decision-making process and implications for strategy.

Q12. Analyse the role of packaging as a silent salesman with suitable examples.

Q13. Explain network marketing and viral marketing. Discuss advantages and limitations.

Q1. List any four operations on languages.

Q2. Recognize a finite automaton for the regular expression 0(1+0).

Q3. Interpret the term Acceptability of Pushdown Automata by specifying two ways.

Q4. State Halting Problem.

Q5. Identify the applications of P and NP complexity classes.

Q6. Illustrate a DFA equivalent to the NFA configuration.

Q7. Analyze GNF form of the given grammar (CFG): S -> AA | a, A -> SS | b.

Q8. Differentiate between Deterministic and Non-deterministic Turing Machines.

Q9. Analyse & Prove that Post correspondence problem (PCP) is unsolvable.

Q10. Analyze the steps to convert Moore to Mealy machine matrix configuration.

Q11. Illustrate the transition diagram corresponding to regular expressions: (a) (ab+c*)*b (b) a*+bb+bab*a.

Q12. Discuss the block diagram of PDA and design a PDA for L=(ww^R).

Q13. Illustrate the block diagram of a Turing machine and design a TM to accept language a^n b^n c^n.

Q1. List any five socio-economic legislations.

Q2. Name two enforcement powers from Section 5, 16-18, or 19 of PMLA.

Q3. Summarize the main purpose of enacting the Fugitive Economic Offenders Act, 2018.

Q4. Summarize the role of the Special Court under the Fugitive Economic Offenders Act, 2018.

Q5. Explain in brief the expression "proceeds of crime" as used under the Act.

Q6. Analyze the concept and evolution of socio-economic offences by discussing five drivers.

Q7. Apply institutional roles and choose which body (CVC/CBI/CID) handles bank loan fraud.

Q8. Apply monetary threshold under Fugitive Economic Offenders Act to decide if 90 crore applies. (yes/no)

Q9. Analyze how the NDPS Act balances harsh penalties with treatment and rehabilitation.

Q10. Analyze the role of Law Commission style reform thinking in shaping criminal policy.

Q11. Evaluate CID special cells' role in socio-economic offences vs general police.

Q12. Analyze how the requirement that the accused must refuse to return to India differentiates a fugitive.

Q13. Analyze how power to attach and confiscate properties deters high-value economic offences.

Q1. Why is constructive feedback essential for effective communication?

Q2. Define the "AIDA model" for sales letters.

Q3. Why should the use of slangs and idioms be avoided with a multicultural audience?

Q4. List FOUR essential components of a professional email.

Q5. Define digital content writing with two features.

Q6. Write a paragraph (200-250 words) on the topic "The Role of Leadership in Team Success."

Q7. Situation: A team member suggests taking shortcuts. How would you handle this ethically?

Q8. Improve for clarity: (a) Due to the fact that it was raining... (b) At this point in time...

Q9. Analyze the importance of proofreading in digital content writing.

Q10. Examine the significance of utilizing different types of communication in professional settings.

Q11. Write a formal complaint letter expressing concerns about internet downtime.

Q12. Write a blog article (300-350 words) on "The Impact of Sustainable Living on the Environment."

Q13. Write a blog article (300-350 words) on "How Digital Communication Has Transformed Workplace Collaboration."